Theory of multiple intelligences (M.I.)
Howard Gardner claims that all
human beings have multiple intelligences. These multiple intelligences can be
nurtured and strengthened, or ignored and weakened. He believes each individual
has nine intelligences:
VISUAL/SPATIAL - children who
learn best visually and organizing things spatially. They like to see what you
are talking about in order to understand.
They enjoy charts, graphs, maps, tables, illustrations, art, puzzles,
costumes - anything eye catching.
VERBAL/LINGUISTIC - children
who demonstrate strength in the language arts: speaking, writing, reading,
listening. These students have always been successful in traditional classrooms
because their intelligence lends itself to traditional teaching.
MATHEMATICAL/LOGICAL - children
who display an aptitude for numbers, reasoning and problem solving. This is the
other half of the children who typically do well in traditional classrooms
where teaching is logically sequenced and students are asked to conform.
BODILY/KINESTHETIC - children
who experience learning best through activity: games, movement, hands-on tasks,
building. These children were often labeled "overly active" in
traditional classrooms where they were told to sit and be still!
MUSICAL/RHYTHMIC - children who
learn well through songs, patterns, rhythms, instruments and musical
expression. It is easy to overlook children with this intelligence in
traditional education.
INTRAPERSONAL - children who
are especially in touch with their own feelings, values and ideas. They may
tend to be more reserved, but they are actually quite intuitive about what they
learn and how it relates to themselves.
INTERPERSONAL - children who
are noticeably people oriented and outgoing, and do their learning
cooperatively in groups or with a partner. These children may have typically
been identified as "talkative" or " too concerned about being
social" in a traditional setting.
NATURALIST - children who love
the outdoors, animals, field trips. More than this, though, these students love
to pick up on subtle differences in meanings. The traditional classroom has not
been accommodating to these children.
EXISTENTIALIST - children who
learn in the context of where humankind stands in the "big picture"
of existence. They ask "Why are we here?" and "What is our role
in the world?" This intelligence is seen in the discipline of philosophy.
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